Page 254 - PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA

Kajian Dalam Bidang Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi: Filosofi, Teori, dan Praktik

importance of interests and concerns together about a thing that needs to
be learned together by a group of people.

B. Adaptive Structuration Theory
Adaptive Structuration Theory was developed by Poole and DeSanctis
(1990) by utilizing the Giddens theory. The terms “structure” and “system”
in their initial explanations use the notion of Giddens. A system is a social
entity that performs various activities in such a way as to show the pattern
of relations between members. While the structure is all rules and resources
used by members to maintain the integrity of the system. Giddens’s theory
does not specifically address technology as part of the structure. In their
theory, Poole and DeSanctis adopt the notion of the Gidden structure and
develop two aspects of the technological structure, namely:

• The technological spirit, that is, the general purpose of the manufacture
and application of such technology and the attitudes that the application
of technology is to develop in one group
• Structural features, which are forms, functions, procedures, and
specific work methods that are part of technology and groups. Sanctis
and dePoole stated that
[...] structuration [which] refers to the process by which systems are
produced and reproduced through members’ use of rules and resources
[...]. Structures have a dual nature: they are both medium and outcome
of the action. They are medium of action because members draw on
structures to interact. They are its outcome because rules and resources
exist only through being applied and oriented to in interaction - they
have no reality independent of the social practices they constitute.
From the above idea, the observation of the structure can be focused
on the process of interaction within a group.

III. RESEARCH METHOD
In this study, researchers concentrated on how WhatsApp is interpreted
and utilized by lecturers while they are doing their research. One of the
proper methods for this is the “interpretive study” (Orlikowski and Baroudi,
1991). Data collection was conducted primarily through interviews and
direct observation through network utilization by informants. This method
produces qualitative data in the form of words or phrases expressing
the true-live experience of the informants. It is through this phrase that
researchers can discover the meaning of events, processes, or experiences
of UI lecturers who use virtual space equipped with telematics technology

234 Whatsaap: Virtual Area as a Comunity Hub For UI Lecturers