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Kajian Dalam Bidang Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi: Filosofi, Teori, dan Praktik

(Miller & Jablin, 1991; Ikoja-Odongo & Mostert, 2006; Stenmark, 2010).
For example, these findings can be related to an instance within the
context of their work-related ISB in legislative processes for determining
parliamentarians’ information needs that showed topics on politics,
governance, regional and provincial matters and local government were
closely related within the parliamentary hierarchy (Miller & Jablin,
1991; Stenmark, 2010). Moreover, word of mouth, recourse to personal
experience, friends, relatives and workmates, were key information
sources (Ikoja-Odongo & Mostert, 2006). Thus, the information sources
and channels complement in work-related ISB, especially in a model of
information seeking of professionals.

Kuhlthau (1993)
Information search process (ISP) framework by Kuhlthau (1993)
was identified on thesis ID U-04 that focuses on deaf students’ ISB. The
results showed that information seeking pattern of participants consists
of initiation, selection, pre-focus exploration, information collection,
and search closure. The supporting factors of their information seeking
pattern are internal motivation, the availability of information sources,
the capability to analyse the information collected by making a decision,
and also the communicative character. The inhibitor or external factors are
the lack of language ability, and even the lack of capability to access the
information on the internet. In line with Kulthau (1991)’s model, the deaf
students’ closed with the feelings of doubt, anxiety, and frustration that are
natural and play a role in information seeking.
Figure 4 shows that the ISP model identifies and emphasises the
importance of the individual stages that learning tasks and problem-solving
involve (Kuhlthau, 1991, 1993). Kuhlthau’s research involved a series of
longitudinal empirical studies conducted on students and library patrons.
The information-search process model that she developed highlights the
differences in feelings, thoughts, and actions that people experience during
the search process (White, 2016). In the model, the actions of the searcher or
actor transition from exploring to documenting during the search process.
Thus, Kuhlthau’s model was unique in incorporating psychological
aspects of search into information seeking. Changes in feelings, thoughts,
and actions of the seeker are stage dependent, and each task is unique to the
stage of the investigational process (White, 2016).

248 Information Seeking Behaviour Studies in Indonesia